Emerald vs Topaz
Topaz is harder (Mohs 8) than Emerald (Mohs 7.5–8), so it resists scratching better.
Topaz has the higher refractive index (1.609–1.643 vs 1.577–1.583), which a refractometer can use to separate them.
Topaz is denser (SG 3.53 vs 2.72); a topaz of the same size weighs about 30% more.
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| Property | Emerald | Topaz |
|---|---|---|
| Species / material | Beryl | Topaz |
| Mohs hardness | 7.5–8 | 8 |
| Refractive index | 1.577–1.583 | 1.609–1.643 |
| Specific gravity | 2.72 | 3.53 |
| Crystal system | Hexagonal | Orthorhombic |
| Birefringence | 0.005–0.009 | 0.008–0.010 |
Values are typical ranges from standard gemmological references; individual stones can vary.
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